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Job order contracting (JOC) is a way for organizations to get numerous, commonly encountered construction projects done quickly and easily through multi-year contracts. JOC reduces unnecessary levels of engineering, design, and contract procurement time along with construction project procurement costs by awarding long-term contracts for a wide variety of renovation, repair and construction projects. With an emphasis on partnering and team work between owners and contractors, JOC provides the methodology to execute a wide variety of indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity, fixed-price, multiple simultaneous orders for renovation, rehabilitation and repair work for large facilities and infrastructures. JOC contractors are selected on qualifications and performance at a best value, lowest responsive and responsible bidder, or a combination of both depending on local, state or federal statutes. JOC is about performance, reliability, dependability and quality. At the same time, JOC is about results and working within budget and time constraints. The JOC contractor provides “on call” construction services from concept to close-out. JOC today has more than a 25-year record of implementation within the United States Department of Defense. Currently, there are hundreds of successful contracts going by the JOC name or by its counterparts of delivery order contracting (DOC), task order contracting (TOC) and simplified acquisition of base engineering requirements (SABER). JOC deployment hasn’t remained solely federal. The JOC concept and principles have been further embraced in all areas of publicly funded state facilities, universities, housing authorities, transportation agencies, healthcare systems, and school systems. Not only public sector but also private sector facility owners are expanding the use and implementation of the JOC procurement system. A designated non-profit organization dedicated to education and best practices was formed in 1995 to serve as a resource for information. Further research can be found at (Center for Job Order Contracting Excellence ) ==Basic principles== A major element of the JOC contracting process is the use of a unit price book (UPB), which provides preset costs for specific construction tasks. The unit price book can cover nearly every construction, repair or maintenance task, whether it’s replacing air filters, installing carpeting, replacing windows or doors, or even painting or it can be limited to specific areas of work or a particular trade. If a task is not in the UPB, it can be negotiated, priced and added at any time to the book. Contractors can be selected based on best-value or low bid, depending upon the owner's requirements. As part of its proposal, or bid, the contractor submits a coefficient (a multiplier) to be applied to the preset unit prices appearing in the UPB. The coefficient must include not only the contractor’s overhead and profit, but also any adjustment that may be needed to the UPB prices based on the contractor's costs in the local area of the contract(which are functions of labor costs, subcontractor base, market conditions and client-specific conditions). After contract award, and during the course of the contract, the coefficient will be used to calculate the price for each project which will be the preset unit prices multiplied by the quantity multiplied by the coefficient. JOC contracts don’t define actual, individual jobs but normally award a potential maximum amount of work over a year. For example, a contract may have an annual maximum of $5 million or more but only a minimum guaranteed amount such as $35,000. As a result, the JOC contractor is not guaranteed any level of revenue, driving it to generate the best performance possible. For each project, the owner and the contractor follow the same five steps: (1) Conduct a joint scope meeting at the site to review and discuss the work and the construction schedule; (2) prepare a detailed scope of work; (3) contractor prepares a price proposal using unit prices from the UPB, quantities, and coefficient, and submits a proposed construction schedule, list of subcontractors and other documents required by owner; (4) owner reviews price proposal to make sure the right tasks and quantities were used; (5) if owner is 100% satisfied with price, schedule, subcontractors, etc. owner may issue work order for the project. This relationship carries with it a strong motivation for the JOC contractor to provide outstanding service and quality work to receive additional work orders, because the amount of work being assigned by the facility owner or manager is based on the JOC contractor’s performance. The agreement should also foster increased communication between the contractor and owner to enhance the partnership aspect of the JOC contract. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Job order contracting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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